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Fibroids and Endometriosis: Understanding the Symptoms, Differences & How They Affect Your Fertility

Fibroids and endometriosis are two conditions that shape the lives of millions, yet many people spend years trying to make sense of their symptoms before receiving answers. When pain, heavy bleeding, or fertility challenges start to overlap, it’s completely natural to wonder what’s really going on in your body. Understanding the differences, the similarities and the shared pathways between these conditions can help you navigate your options with confidence and feel more in control of what happens next.

Tassia O'Callaghan profile

Author

Tassia O’Callaghan

Reviewed by

Kayleigh Hartigan

21 min read

Updated 26 November 2025

Spotlight:

  •  
  • Around 1 in 10 people are diagnosed with endometriosis, and 15–30% are affected by fibroids at some point in their lives.

  • You can have one, the other, both — or neither. The conditions are separate but often overlap in symptoms and sometimes appear together.

  • 60–70% of people with endometriosis conceive naturally, and many with fibroids become pregnant without treatment.

  • Fibroids and endometriosis both cause pelvic pain, heavy bleeding and fatigue, but in different ways — fibroids distort the uterus, while endometriosis creates inflammation outside it.

  • Diagnosis takes time: fibroids usually show up on ultrasound, while endometriosis often needs laparoscopy for confirmation.

  • Treatment is available on the NHS, but some people explore private care for faster imaging or surgery when symptoms affect daily life or fertility plans.

What are fibroids?

Fibroids are non-cancerous growths made of muscle and fibrous tissue that form in or around the uterus. Many people never know they have them, but symptoms can appear when a fibroid presses on nearby organs or changes the shape of the uterus. Where a fibroid grows can influence everything from heavy bleeding to abdominal pressure, and in some cases, its location can also have an impact on fertility. [1]

Here are the main types of fibroids and how their location can affect the body:

  • Intramural fibroids: Grow within the muscle wall of the uterus. They are the most common and can cause heavy periods or a feeling of pelvic pressure.

  • Subserosal fibroids: Grow on the outer surface of the uterus. These often press on nearby organs, which can lead to bloating, constipation or needing to urinate more often.

  • Submucosal fibroids: Grow just beneath the uterine lining and into the cavity. Even small ones here can cause heavy bleeding and are the most likely type to affect fertility or implantation.

What is endometriosis?

Endometriosis is a condition where tissue similar to the lining of the uterus grows in places it shouldn’t, such as the ovaries, fallopian tubes, pelvic lining and, more rarely, the bladder, bowel or areas outside the pelvis. Because this misplaced tissue responds to hormones in the same cyclical way as the uterine lining, it breaks down and bleeds during each cycle but has nowhere to go. That trapped inflammation can cause significant pain, swelling, and over time can lead to adhesions (organs sticking together) and fertility challenges as the environment around the reproductive organs becomes less stable and more inflamed. [2]

Doctors describe endometriosis in stages based on how widespread it is, but the stage doesn’t always reflect how you feel day-to-day. Here’s a simple breakdown:

  • Stage 1 (Minimal): A few small spots of endometriosis, usually on the pelvic lining.

  • Stage 2 (Mild): More patches than Stage 1 and slightly deeper implants.

  • Stage 3 (Moderate): Multiple deeper implants, sometimes with small ovarian cysts and early adhesions.

  • Stage 4 (Severe): Widespread endometriosis, large cysts on the ovaries, and significant adhesions that may bind organs together.

Each person’s experience is unique, but understanding what endometriosis actually is – and why it causes the symptoms it does – can be a reassuring first step in making sense of your body.

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Fibroids vs endometriosis: What’s the difference?

Fibroids and endometriosis are two different conditions, but they can feel surprisingly similar when you’re the one living with the symptoms. Both can cause heavy bleeding, pelvic pain that disrupts daily life, and deep fatigue that’s hard to explain to anyone who hasn’t been there. The key difference is what they are: fibroids are physical growths in or on the uterus, while endometriosis is tissue similar to the uterine lining growing in places it shouldn’t. Understanding that root difference can help make sense of why the symptoms overlap — and why the impact on fertility can look different from person to person. [1,2]

Fibroids

Endometriosis

What it is

Non-cancerous uterine growths made of muscle and fibrous tissue

Endometrial-like tissue growing outside the uterus

Pain?

Sometimes — often linked to size or pressure

Often — inflammation and bleeding into the pelvis can be very painful

Heavy periods?

Very common due to increased surface area of the uterine lining

Common, especially when lesions irritate the uterus

Fertility impact

Depends on size and location — some fibroids affect implantation or uterine shape

Can interfere with pelvic anatomy, inflammation and adhesions

Diagnosis

Usually through ultrasound or MRI

Laparoscopy is the gold standard for confirmation

Can you have endometriosis and no fibroids?

Yes — you can absolutely have endometriosis without having any fibroids. They are two completely different conditions, although they can create similar symptoms like heavy bleeding, pelvic pain that interrupts daily life, bloating, and fatigue. Endometriosis happens when endometrial-like tissue grows outside the uterus and bleeds internally each month, causing inflammation, pain and sometimes adhesions that can affect fertility. Fibroids, on the other hand, are non-cancerous growths that form in or on the uterus itself. Because they have different root causes, it’s completely possible to have one, the other, both — or neither. [1,2,3]

Can you have endometriosis and fibroids at the same time?

Yes — you can have endometriosis and fibroids at the same time. They are two different conditions, but research shows they often appear together in people who have more complex or persistent symptoms. In one study for the Journal of Human Reproductive Sciences in 2011, about 1 in 4 people with endometriosis also had fibroids, and around 1 in 5 people with fibroids also had endometriosis. Because both conditions are influenced by oestrogen, and both can cause heavy bleeding, pelvic pain, bloating, and fatigue, it’s easy for the symptoms to blur into one another — which is exactly why diagnosis can feel so confusing. [1,2,3]

When both conditions show up together, it becomes harder to tell what’s driving which symptom. Fibroids may cause pressure or heavy periods, while endometriosis can cause deep pelvic pain or pain during sex — but many people experience a mix of all of these. This is where personalised assessment makes a real difference. Ultrasound or MRI can help map fibroids, while a specialist review (and sometimes laparoscopy) can confirm endometriosis and assess whether inflammation or adhesions are involved. Understanding the full picture — growths inside the uterus, tissue outside the uterus, or both — helps clinicians explain why symptoms feel the way they do and plan care that is tailored to your fertility path, not just the diagnosis. [1,2]

Can fibroids turn into endometriosis?

No — fibroids cannot turn into endometriosis. They’re two separate conditions that develop in completely different ways. Fibroids are growths that form within or on the uterus itself, while endometriosis is tissue similar to the uterine lining found outside the uterus. One doesn’t transform into the other, even though they can exist at the same time and create symptoms that feel very similar. [1,2]

However, uterine fibroids may increase the risk of developing endometriosis, according to a 2021 review for Frontiers Reproductive Health. So while fibroids don’t directly cause endometriosis, they may make you more susceptible to getting endometriosis. [4]

What can make things confusing is that both conditions are influenced by hormones like oestrogen, and both can lead to heavy bleeding or pelvic pain. That overlap is why they’re sometimes discovered together, but they remain distinct diagnoses with different behaviours and different impacts on the reproductive system. Understanding that difference can make it clearer what’s happening in your body — and what kind of support might help next. [5]

Can endometriosis cause fibroids?

No — endometriosis does not cause fibroids. They develop in different ways, from different types of tissue. But researchers now understand that the two conditions can share underlying risk factors, which is why they’re seen together more often than chance alone would predict. Think of it this way: they’re not part of the same disease process, but some people have a body environment — hormonal, genetic, or inflammatory — where both can show up. [1,2]

Large studies have found a clear pattern of comorbidity: people with endometriosis are more likely to have fibroids, and people with fibroids are more likely to have endometriosis compared with those without symptoms. That doesn’t mean one condition triggers the other. Instead, both appear to be influenced by oestrogen and may share genetic pathways that increase someone’s risk of developing either condition. So the relationship is associative, not causal — like two separate roads shaped by the same weather. Understanding this distinction matters, because treating one condition while missing the other can leave symptoms unresolved. A thorough, personalised assessment helps clinicians map what’s really going on and plan care that addresses the full picture. [5]

Which is more serious, endometriosis or fibroids?

There isn’t a straightforward “more serious” between endometriosis and fibroids — they affect the body in different (but sometimes similar) ways, and their impact depends on where they are, how they behave, and how long it takes to be heard and diagnosed. For some, fibroids cause intense pressure, heavy bleeding and fertility complications. For others, endometriosis brings chronic, life-altering pelvic pain, delays in diagnosis, and inflammation that can affect organs beyond the uterus. The seriousness comes from the effect on your daily life, your ability to work, rest, move comfortably and plan for the future — not from a simple ranking of conditions. [1,2]

Where the urgency often differs is in how endometriosis is recognised. Long diagnosis times mean symptoms can escalate and quality of life can suffer for years before anyone joins the dots. Fibroids, by contrast, are usually easier to spot on routine imaging, though their impact can be underestimated — particularly for those whose fibroids distort the uterus or complicate fertility care, as many people’s stories highlight. Both conditions deserve equal attention, timely investigation and personalised treatment plans. What matters most is that your symptoms are taken seriously, and you get support that reflects your unique experience — not a comparison chart. [6,7,8]

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What are the symptoms of fibroids and endometriosis?

Fibroids and endometriosis can both affect the uterus and surrounding organs, but they create symptoms in different ways — and sometimes those symptoms overlap so closely that it’s hard to tell where they’re coming from. Understanding the patterns can help you recognise what feels familiar, what feels new, and what’s worth raising with a clinician. [1,2]

Symptoms of fibroids

Fibroids don’t always cause symptoms, but when they do, they often relate to their size and where they’re growing. People may experience:

  • Heavy or painful periods
  • Abdominal or pelvic discomfort (a feeling of pressure or fullness)
  • Lower back pain
  • Needing to urinate more often (if a fibroid presses on the bladder)
  • Constipation (if it presses on the bowel)
  • Pain or discomfort during sex
  • In some cases, fibroids may affect pregnancy or fertility

Symptoms of endometriosis

Endometriosis can cause symptoms throughout the menstrual cycle, not just during a period. Common symptoms include:

  • Severe period pain that interrupts daily activities
  • Heavy bleeding
  • Pelvic or lower back pain
  • Pain when peeing or pooing
  • Pain during or after sex
  • Fatigue that feels hard to shake
  • Chest or shoulder pain when endometriosis occurs in rare locations
  • Difficulty getting pregnant
  • Low mood or anxiety linked to ongoing pain or uncertainty

Symptoms they share

Because both conditions affect the uterus and surrounding structures, many experiences overlap, including:

  • Pelvic pain
  • Painful periods
  • Heavy or unpredictable bleeding
  • Pain during sex
  • Lower back discomfort
  • Bowel or bladder symptoms
  • Fatigue
  • Fertility challenges

If your symptoms feel complex or don’t clearly fit one category, you’re not imagining it — these conditions can look and feel very similar. A tailored assessment can help untangle what’s going on and guide you toward support that matches your experience.

How to check for fibroids or endometriosis

When symptoms like heavy bleeding, pelvic pain or unexplained fatigue start getting in the way of everyday life, it’s natural to wonder what’s behind them. Fibroids and endometriosis can behave differently, but the first step toward feeling more in control is understanding how each condition is actually checked. Knowing what tests are used — and why — helps you feel prepared, supported and better able to advocate for yourself during appointments. [1,2]

How to check for fibroids

Fibroids are usually easier to detect because they tend to show up clearly on imaging. Here are the main ways clinicians look for them:

  • Pelvic examination: A GP may feel the abdomen or pelvis for signs of an enlarged or irregularly shaped uterus.

  • Ultrasound scan (abdominal or transvaginal): The first-line test used to identify the size, number and position of fibroids.

  • Hysteroscopy: A small camera passed through the cervix to check the inside of the womb, especially useful for fibroids that grow into the cavity. [9]

  • MRI scan: Offers a more detailed map of larger or multiple fibroids when planning treatment. [10]

  • Laparoscopy: Less commonly used solely for fibroids, but may help if other conditions are suspected at the same time. [11]

How to check for endometriosis

Endometriosis can be harder to spot, especially when symptoms overlap with other conditions. Diagnosis often takes several steps:

  • GP consultation and symptom review: A detailed discussion to understand your pain pattern, menstrual symptoms and family history.

  • Physical or internal examination: Used to check for tenderness or abnormalities in the pelvis.

  • Ultrasound scan: Helpful for identifying endometriomas (ovarian cysts), though smaller lesions may not appear.

  • MRI scan: Sometimes used to investigate deep endometriosis affecting the bowel, bladder or ligaments. [10]

  • Laparoscopy: The only way to confirm endometriosis for certain, allowing a specialist to see and sometimes remove lesions during the same procedure. [11]

Treatments for endometriosis and fibroids

Treating fibroids and endometriosis starts with understanding what’s driving your symptoms and what your priorities are — pain relief, lighter periods, preserving fertility, or planning for pregnancy soon. Neither condition has a one-size-fits-all solution, and treatment plans usually blend medical management, supportive care and, when needed, surgery. [1,2]

Treatments for endometriosis

Endometriosis treatment focuses on managing symptoms, improving quality of life and, when fertility is a priority, creating the best possible environment for conception. Options include:

  • Pain relief: Medicines like ibuprofen or paracetamol can ease pelvic pain or period pain.

  • Hormonal medicines: Options such as the combined pill or other hormone-based treatments can reduce inflammation and lighten bleeding by keeping the endometrial-like tissue quieter. (These aren’t used if you’re actively trying to conceive.)

  • Specialist support: If symptoms don’t improve, a referral to an endometriosis specialist may be recommended.

  • Surgery: Laparoscopic surgery can remove visible endometriosis, drain or remove endometriomas, or in more complex cases, address disease on the bowel or bladder. Surgery may also support fertility in some people.

  • Additional support: This may include pain-management strategies, mental health support, and referral to a fertility specialist if conception is proving difficult.
 

Treatments for fibroids

Fibroid treatment depends on whether symptoms are present, how large the fibroids are, and whether fertility is a priority. Some people need no treatment at all, while others benefit from medicines or surgery.

  • Medicines for heavy bleeding:
    • Hormonal coil: Helps thin the womb lining and lighten bleeding. [12]
    • Tranexamic acid: Reduces blood loss during periods. [13]
    • NSAIDs: Ease pain and reduce bleeding. [14]
    • Combined or progestogen-only contraception: Can lighten periods and ease pain.

  • Hormonal medicines to shrink fibroids:
    • GnRH analogues: Temporarily switch off oestrogen production, shrinking fibroids and easing symptoms. Often used short-term or before surgery. [15]
    • Ulipristal acetate: Occasionally used for moderate–severe symptoms when other options aren’t suitable, with strict monitoring. [16]

  • Surgical options:
    • Myomectomy: Removes fibroids while keeping the uterus. [17]
    • Hysteroscopic removal: For fibroids inside the womb cavity. [18]
    • Hysterectomy: Removal of the womb, used when symptoms are severe and future pregnancy isn’t planned. [19]

  • Non-surgical procedures:
    • Uterine artery embolisation (UAE): Cuts off blood supply to fibroids, causing them to shrink. [20]
    • Endometrial ablation: Removes the womb lining to lighten heavy bleeding. [21]
    • MRI-guided or ultrasound-guided techniques: Newer therapies that target fibroids with focused energy.
 

Treatments that may help with both fibroids and endometriosis

Because both conditions can affect the uterus and cause heavy bleeding or pain, there are some overlaps in treatment — especially when the goal is symptom relief rather than fertility:

  • NSAIDs: Can reduce cramps, inflammation and bleeding in both conditions.

  • Hormonal contraception: May help control heavy bleeding and cyclic pain for both (though not used if trying to conceive).

  • Surgery: When both conditions are present, a combined surgical approach can be considered — removing fibroids while treating endometriosis at the same time to avoid multiple operations.

  • Supportive care: Pain management plans, mental health support and fertility counselling can benefit people navigating either or both conditions.
 

Is treatment available on the NHS?

Yes — treatment for both endometriosis and fibroids is available on the NHS, but the process can look a little different depending on your symptoms, how quickly you’re referred and what kind of care you need. Understanding the pathway makes it easier to know what to ask for and when to push for the next step.

For endometriosis, NHS care usually begins with your GP. If your symptoms suggest endometriosis — such as severe period pain, ongoing pelvic pain, painful sex or difficulty getting pregnant — your GP can refer you to a gynaecologist. From there, you may be offered imaging, medicines to manage pain or bleeding, or a referral to an endometriosis specialist centre for more complex cases. Access to surgery can involve waiting lists, and because a laparoscopy is the only way to confirm the condition, delays can be frustrating. Those with significant symptoms, fertility concerns or repeated flare-ups may be prioritised, but waiting times vary across the UK. [2]

For fibroids, the NHS offers a wide range of treatments from medication to surgery. Your GP can refer you for an ultrasound and, if needed, to a gynaecologist for further testing. Once diagnosed, you may be offered hormonal treatments, procedures such as uterine artery embolisation, or surgery like myomectomy or hysterectomy — depending on your symptoms, age and fertility plans. Again, waiting times differ by area, and larger or more complex fibroids may require referral to a specialist surgical team. [1]

Some people choose to explore private care alongside NHS pathways, especially if waiting times are long or symptoms are affecting day-to-day life or fertility planning. Private clinics can offer quicker imaging, faster surgical access and more flexibility around appointment times, but costs vary. Many people use a combination: initial diagnosis on the NHS, then private treatment for timelier surgery, or vice versa.

How fibroids and endometriosis impact fertility

Fibroids and endometriosis can both influence fertility, but they do so in different ways — and not everyone with either condition will struggle to conceive. Many people with fibroids become pregnant without difficulty, and around 60–70% of people with endometriosis conceive naturally, according to the charity Endometriosis UK. When fertility is affected, it’s usually because the condition is changing the environment of the pelvis or uterus in a way that makes conception or implantation more challenging. [7]

Endometriosis can impact fertility when inflammation, adhesions or ovarian cysts distort the reproductive organs or make it harder for the egg, sperm or embryo to move freely. In some cases, inflammation around the pelvis may affect egg quality or implantation, though research is still evolving. For those who do need support, pregnancy is still possible — sometimes following laparoscopic surgery to remove disease or with assisted reproduction such as IVF. The NHS recommends earlier referral to a fertility specialist if you have endometriosis and are over 36, have known fertility factors, or have been trying to conceive without success. [1,2,7]

Fibroids can affect fertility if they sit in places that interfere with conception. Submucosal fibroids (those bulging into the womb cavity) can disrupt implantation or block a fallopian tube, while intramural fibroids inside the uterine wall may alter the shape of the cavity. Large fibroids can also make egg collection during IVF more difficult, depending on their position. But not all fibroids reduce fertility — many people conceive with fibroids in place, and treatment is only recommended when there’s a clear link between fibroid location and fertility challenges. [1]

When both conditions appear together, fertility can be affected through several pathways at once — inflammation from endometriosis, structural changes from fibroids, or a combination of both. The most important step is a personalised plan. This often includes imaging, ovarian reserve testing, and a fertility specialist’s review to understand exactly what’s contributing to delays. From there, you and your clinical team can decide whether medical management, surgery, or assisted conception gives you the best chance of moving forward with clarity and confidence.

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Finding a fertility clinic that specialises in endometriosis and fibroids

Finding the right fertility clinic can make a real difference when you’re navigating endometriosis, fibroids, or both. These conditions often need a team who truly understands how pelvic pain, inflammation, and uterine changes affect fertility — not just in theory, but in day-to-day treatment planning. A clinic with experience in complex cases can tailor investigations, adapt stimulation plans, and recommend the safest and most effective surgical or IVF pathways for your situation.

Seen Fertility is designed to help you make those decisions with confidence. On our clinic pages, you can compare clinics across the UK, explore which teams have stronger experience with endometriosis or fibroids, and check cost transparency scores — helpful if you want clarity around pricing before committing to treatment. Real patient reviews add another layer, offering insight into how supported people felt, how well clinicians communicated, and how each clinic handled more complicated cases.

If you’re not sure where to start, our Clinic Match Tool can point you toward clinics that align with your medical needs, treatment goals and personal preferences. It’s a way to narrow down your options quickly, especially when you’re dealing with conditions that may require additional expertise.

If you already have an account with Seen Fertility, log in to pick up where you left off, view your shortlisted clinics or update your preferences. You deserve care that feels tailored — and finding the right clinic is a powerful first step.

Fibroids and endometriosis FAQs

Do fibroids or endometriosis increase cancer risk?

Fibroids and endometriosis are not cancers — and they don’t automatically mean that you will develop a cancer. But both conditions have been linked to a small increase in certain cancer risks, and it’s completely understandable to want clear, calm information about what that actually means for you.

Endometriosis carries a slightly higher risk of ovarian cancer, particularly in those with deep infiltrating disease or ovarian endometriomas. Even then, the overall numbers remain low — most people with endometriosis will never develop ovarian cancer, and the increase in risk is measured in additional cases per 10,000 women. Recent large studies have also shown a higher risk of later-life cancers of the reproductive organs, but not because endometriosis “turns into” cancer; instead, chronic inflammation, hormonal factors and shared genetics may play a role. [22,23,24]

Fibroids, meanwhile, are overwhelmingly benign. The risk of a fibroid becoming cancerous (leiomyosarcoma) is extremely rare. Large population studies show that fibroids are not linked to higher all-cause mortality, but there may be a modest increase in deaths from gynaecological cancers overall. As with endometriosis, this doesn’t mean fibroids cause cancer — more that they can coexist with hormonal pathways and risk factors that also influence cancer development. [24]

Keeping up with routine check-ups, reporting new or persistent symptoms, and having clear follow-up plans with your GP or gynaecologist are the biggest steps you can take to feel in control of your health.

Is pregnancy possible with endometriosis and/or fibroids?

Yes — pregnancy is possible with endometriosis, with fibroids, and even with both. Many people conceive naturally, even when their symptoms feel overwhelming or their scans look complicated. These conditions can sometimes make the process longer or a bit more complex, but they do not automatically close the door on having a baby. What matters most is understanding what’s happening in your body, getting the right investigations, and having a team who takes your symptoms and goals seriously. [1,2]

When fertility challenges do arise, they’re often treatable. Removing certain fibroids can improve implantation, and treating endometriosis — through medication, surgery, or assisted reproduction — can increase the chances of pregnancy. If you’re trying to conceive, a fertility specialist can help map out a plan that fits your situation. Whatever your path looks like, you’re not alone, and there are multiple options to help you move forward with hope and clarity.

Sources
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  2. NHS. Endometriosis. Page last reviewed: 27 August 2024.

  3. Uimari O, Järvelä I, Ryynänen M. Do symptomatic endometriosis and uterine fibroids appear together? J Hum Reprod Sci. 2011 Jan;4(1):34-8. doi: 10.4103/0974-1208.82358. PMID: 21772738; PMCID: PMC3136067.

  4. Uimari O, Nazri H, Tapmeier T. Endometriosis and Uterine Fibroids (Leiomyomata): Comorbidity, Risks and Implications. Front Reprod Health. 2021 Oct 26;3:750018. doi: 10.3389/frph.2021.750018. PMID: 36304022; PMCID: PMC9580755.

  5. Fiore A, Casalechi M, Sichenze L, Ferraro C, Magni B, Bellinghieri R, Vercellini P, Somigliana E, Viganò P, Salmeri N. Co-occurrence of endometriosis and uterine fibroids: a systematic review and meta-analysis. EClinicalMedicine. 2025 Sep 19;89:103510. doi: 10.1016/j.eclinm.2025.103510. PMID: 41048660; PMCID: PMC12495417.

  6. Human Fertilisation & Embryology Authority. Breaking the myths about Endometriosis. By Emma Cox, Chief Executive, Endometriosis UK.

  7. Endometriosis UK. Endometriosis, Fertility and Pregnancy. Last reviewed and updated: January 2025.

  8. Human Fertilisation & Embryology Authority. Black History Month: how fibroids delayed my IVF treatment.

  9. NHS. Hysteroscopy. Page last reviewed: 18 January 2024.

  10. NHS. MRI scan. Page last reviewed: 11 September 2025.

  11. NHS. Laparoscopy (keyhole surgery). Page last reviewed: 20 December 2023.

  12. NHS. IUS (intrauterine system) or hormonal coil.

  13. NHS. Tranexamic acid.

  14. NHS. NSAIDs. Page last reviewed: 07 October 2022.

  15. NHS The Leeds Teaching Hospitals, NHS Trust. GnRH therapy for gynaecological conditions. Page last reviewed: 12 August 2025.

  16. NHS Oxford Health, NHS Foundation Trust. Patient information leaflet for Ulipristal Acetate for Emergency Contraception.

  17. NHS University Hospitals of Leicester, NHS Trust. Having surgery to remove fibroids from your womb (abdominal myomectomy). Produced: December 2024.

  18. NHS Hull University Teaching Hospitals, NHS Trust. Hysteroscopic Tissue Removal and Retrieval Procedure. 23rd March 2017.

  19. NHS. Hysterectomy. Page last reviewed: 11 October 2022.

  20. NHS University College London Hospitals, NHS Foundation Trust. Uterine Artery/Fibroid Embolisation (UAE). Page last updated: 20 June 2024.

  21. NHS South Tees Hospitals, NHS Foundation Trust. Endometrial ablation. Page published: 27/03/2022.

  22. National Institutes of Health. Endometriosis types and ovarian cancer risk. August 13, 2024.

  23. Ovarian Cancer Action. The Link Between Endometriosis and Ovarian Cancer Risk.

  24. Wang, Y.X., Farland, L.V., Gaskins, A.J., Wang, S., Terry, K.L., Rexrode, K.M., Rich-Edwards, J.W., Tamimi, R., Chavarro, J.E. and Missmer, S.A., 2024. Endometriosis and uterine fibroids and risk of premature mortality: prospective cohort study. bmj, 387.