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Endometriosis and IVF: What You Need to Know

Endometriosis and IVF are closely linked in fertility care.
For many people with endometriosis, IVF offers one of the most effective routes to conception — especially when inflammation, scarring, or hormonal imbalances make it difficult to conceive naturally.
While the condition can make fertility treatment more complex, personalised care and the right clinic approach can make all the difference.

Tassia O'Callaghan profile

Author

Tassia O’Callaghan

Reviewed by

Kayleigh Hartigan

19 min read

Updated 24 November 2025

Spotlight:

  • Endometriosis affects up to 1 in 10 women and people assigned female at birth and is a common cause of infertility. [1]

  • IVF can help bypass the effects of endometriosis by bringing eggs and sperm together outside the body. [2]

  • Success rates are influenced by endometriosis severity, age, ovarian reserve, and previous surgery. [3]

  • Treatment protocols may differ — some clinics recommend pre-treatment (like surgery or medication) before IVF. [4]

  • Many people with endometriosis go on to conceive with IVF, especially with a personalised plan.

What is endometriosis?

Endometriosis is a chronic inflammatory condition where tissue similar to the uterine lining grows outside the uterus — commonly on the ovaries, fallopian tubes, and pelvic lining. These growths can cause pain, inflammation, and scarring, which can make it harder for eggs to travel, fertilise, or implant.

Endometriosis can affect fertility in several ways:

  • By damaging or blocking the fallopian tubes, preventing the egg and sperm from meeting.

  • By disrupting ovulation or reducing egg quality.

  • By changing the pelvic environment, which may impact implantation.

For many, endometriosis and infertility are linked — but IVF can often overcome these barriers.

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What is the success rate of IVF with endometriosis?

The success rate of IVF with endometriosis depends largely on the stage of the disease. Endometriosis is classified into four stages (I–IV) based on the extent of lesions, scarring, and ovarian involvement, and these factors can influence how the ovaries respond to stimulation and how easily an embryo can implant.

Mild to moderate endometriosis (Stage I–II)

People with stage I or II endometriosis generally have IVF outcomes comparable to those without the condition. Clinical studies show pregnancy rates of around 35–45% per IVF cycle and live birth rates of 30–40%, depending on age.

A recent large study found no significant difference in fertilisation, implantation, or live birth rates between those with early-stage endometriosis and those undergoing IVF for tubal factor infertility. This suggests that in mild disease, IVF can successfully bypass the pelvic environment, giving conception rates that are close to average. [5]

Moderate to severe endometriosis (Stage III–IV)

Advanced stages of endometriosis can make IVF more complex, as ovarian cysts (endometriomas) and pelvic adhesions may reduce the number or quality of eggs retrieved. Across multiple studies, live birth rates typically range from 20–30% per IVF cycle, compared with around 30–40% for other infertility causes.

A landmark study found pregnancy rates of 22.6% per embryo transfer in stage III–IV endometriosis, compared with 40% in stage I–II and 36% in those with tubal infertility. When looking at cumulative results over several IVF cycles, around 56% of people with advanced endometriosis achieved pregnancy and 40% had a live birth, compared with 68% and 56%, respectively, for those with milder forms of the disease. [6]

Cumulative success over multiple cycles

Even with advanced endometriosis, repeated IVF cycles often lead to successful outcomes. After up to 4 rounds of treatment, cumulative live birth rates can reach around 40–50%, particularly when frozen embryo transfers are used to optimise endometrial conditions. A 2025 review confirmed that while endometriosis may reduce the number of eggs collected, the number of embryos created and the overall live birth rates per treatment course remain similar to those seen in people without the condition. [7]

What is the protocol for IVF with endometriosis?

The IVF process for people with endometriosis follows the same key steps as any other IVF cycle — ovarian stimulation, egg collection, fertilisation, and embryo transfer — but the protocol is often tailored to manage inflammation, protect ovarian function, and create the best possible environment for implantation.

Endometriosis can affect how the ovaries respond to stimulation, especially when endometriomas (ovarian cysts) or previous surgery have reduced ovarian reserve. That’s why choosing the right medication protocol is important — not just for safety, but also for maximising the number and quality of eggs retrieved. [8]

Before IVF: Managing endometriosis and fertility preservation

Surgery to remove endometriomas or lesions is no longer routine before IVF, as it can damage ovarian reserve without improving success rates. Instead, surgery is typically reserved for people with severe pain or cysts that block access to follicles during egg collection. [9]

For those who may need surgery later, or whose ovarian reserve is already reduced, fertility preservation — like egg or embryo freezing — is worth discussing before treatment.

Choosing a stimulation protocol

In recent years, there’s been a shift in how specialists approach IVF for endometriosis. Traditionally, long protocols using GnRH agonists (which suppress the ovaries before stimulation) were common, as they were thought to calm inflammation and improve outcomes. However, research now shows that prolonged pre-treatment with GnRH agonists does not improve pregnancy or live birth rates. [10,11]

Current evidence supports the use of GnRH antagonist protocols instead. These shorter, safer cycles appear to produce comparable pregnancy and live birth outcomes, with lower risks of ovarian hyperstimulation and better comfort for the patient. According to recent studies, GnRH antagonists are now considered the preferred option for most people with endometriosis undergoing IVF. [10]

Some clinics also use progestin-primed ovarian stimulation (PPOS) — a newer approach that uses progesterone to control hormone levels during stimulation. PPOS has shown promising results in people with endometriosis, offering similar success rates with fewer side effects and a more patient-friendly experience. [12]

When fresh vs. frozen transfer matters

Because ovarian stimulation temporarily raises oestrogen levels, some people with endometriosis may benefit from delaying embryo transfer. Higher oestrogen can increase inflammation and reduce endometrial receptivity, so many clinics recommend freezing embryos and transferring them in a later cycle, when the hormonal environment is calmer. [13]

Recent studies suggest that frozen embryo transfers (FET) are associated with higher implantation and live birth rates in people with endometriosis compared to fresh transfers. This approach also reduces the risk of symptom flare-ups after stimulation. [13]

Should you remove endometriosis before IVF?

Removing endometriosis before IVF isn’t a “one-size-fits-all” decision. It comes down to your symptoms, the type of endometriosis you have, and what your doctor is trying to optimise on your fertility path.

For some people, surgery offers real benefits. Deep endometriosis can distort pelvic anatomy, create adhesions and inflammation, and make it harder for an egg, sperm or embryo to do what it needs to do. In these cases — especially when pain is significant or when endometriosis affects the bowel, bladder or the rectovaginal space — removing the disease may restore anatomy, ease symptoms and potentially support better chances of conceiving, either naturally or through IVF. Some studies even suggest an improvement in IVF outcomes after deep endometriosis excision, although the evidence is inconsistent. [14,15]

But there’s another side to this conversation, and it deserves equal weight. If you have ovarian endometriomas, surgery can reduce ovarian reserve — sometimes significantly. That’s why many clinicians avoid operating unless there’s a clear medical reason, such as severe pain, concern about malignancy, or a cyst so large that it would physically obstruct egg collection. For many people, especially those with already reduced AMH or AFC, going straight to IVF is the safer, more fertility-preserving choice. Research shows that routine surgery before IVF doesn’t reliably improve pregnancy or live birth rates, and may even make things harder if the ovary loses follicles in the process. [16]

The research landscape is mixed, and that’s exactly why this decision shouldn’t be rushed. Deep endometriosis behaves differently from ovarian endometriomas. The severity of your symptoms matters. The presence of other fertility factors matters. And critically, the surgeon’s expertise matters — complex endometriosis surgery should only be considered in the hands of someone who specialises in this work.

How soon after endometriosis surgery can I do IVF?

You can move on to IVF after endometriosis surgery, but the right timing isn’t the same for everyone. Your doctor may encourage you to try naturally for a while, they may recommend IVF within the first six months, or they may advise waiting longer. Each case is individual, and every body recovers differently — your symptoms, your ovarian reserve, your age, the type of surgery you had, and the overall picture of your fertility all shape what’s safest and most effective for you.

The research gives us helpful context, but not a single definitive answer. One study found that IVF outcomes were more favourable when treatment took place 7–25 months after surgery, but this is guidance rather than a rule. For some people, particularly those with superficial endometriosis and good ovarian reserve, their team may suggest trying to conceive naturally first, because natural conception rates are often highest in the first year after surgery. For others — especially if ovarian reserve is already low, if there are additional fertility factors, or if age is a priority — moving to IVF sooner is the clearer path. [16,17]

Your recovery matters, too. Some people bounce back quickly, with pain improving and cycles settling into a predictable pattern. Others need more time for inflammation to calm, for hormones to re-regulate, or for symptoms to stabilise. And in cases where surgery was extensive (for example, deep endometriosis involving the bowel or bladder), your team may recommend waiting longer to let your body fully heal. [18,19]

This is why the timing conversation should always be personalised. Your doctor will look at how much disease was removed, how your ovaries responded during surgery, whether you have endometriomas, and what your fertility priorities are right now. There’s no pressure to follow a fixed timeline — the right moment is the one that protects your health and maximises your chances of success.

Is fresh or frozen embryo transfer better for endometriosis?

Frozen embryo transfer is often the stronger option for people with endometriosis, but it isn’t automatically “better” for everyone. Many studies show higher implantation, clinical pregnancy, and live-birth rates with frozen transfers compared with fresh, likely because separating stimulation from transfer allows the lining to develop in a calmer, more receptive environment. [7,13,20,21]

Fresh transfers can still be right for some people, especially when hormone levels stay balanced and the uterine lining looks optimal. And when embryo quality is controlled — for example, transferring a single euploid frozen embryo — outcomes for people with endometriosis can be comparable to those without the condition.

Your doctor will guide you toward the approach that fits your situation: your diagnosis, your hormone response, your embryo quality, and the way your body responds during stimulation. The best choice is the one that supports the healthiest environment for implantation in your cycle.

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Does IVF flare up endometriosis?

Sometimes, yes, IVF can trigger a temporary flare in symptoms for some people with endometriosis, but it doesn’t seem to make the underlying disease progress or worsen long term. Most of the discomfort comes from the ovarian stimulation phase rather than the IVF process itself.

Here’s why. Endometriosis is an inflammatory condition, and IVF requires higher-than-normal hormone levels to grow multiple follicles. That rise in oestrogen can amplify bloating, pelvic pressure, bowel discomfort, and pain in those who are already sensitive to hormonal shifts. Studies also show that people with endometriosis may experience more pain after egg retrieval, especially with certain stimulation protocols, but this is usually short-lived and settles as hormone levels fall. [16,19,22]

What we don’t see in the evidence is IVF causing new lesions, accelerating growth, or worsening the overall stage of the disease. Endometriosis tends to progress slowly over time without treatment, but IVF itself isn’t known to speed that up.

Your experience will depend on your stage of endometriosis, whether you have deep infiltrating disease or endometriomas, and the stimulation protocol your doctor chooses. Some people feel barely any change; others notice a temporary increase in symptoms. Your team can tailor medication choices, monitoring plans, and pain management to make the process as manageable and clear as possible for you.

Can egg retrieval make endometriosis worse?

Egg retrieval itself doesn’t appear to make endometriosis worse, but it may trigger more short-term pain or discomfort for some people. Most research shows that the procedure doesn’t accelerate the disease or cause new lesions, but people with endometriosis often have a more sensitive pelvic environment — so the stimulation phase and the retrieval can feel more intense. [22]

The main reason for this is inflammation. Endometriosis already creates a heightened inflammatory response in the pelvis, and ovarian stimulation temporarily increases hormone levels, which can amplify bloating, pressure, and pain. A recent study found that people with endometriosis were more likely to report moderate to severe pain immediately after retrieval, especially when certain stimulation protocols were used. Importantly, this was short-lived recovery-room pain — not long-term disease progression.

If you’re preparing for IVF or fertility preservation, talk with your doctor about pain management, protocol choice, and recovery planning. The goal is to keep you as comfortable as possible while protecting your long-term health and giving you the clearest path forward on your fertility path.

How do you prepare for IVF with endometriosis?

Preparing for IVF when you have endometriosis is about creating the clearest, calmest foundation for your body to work with. Endometriosis adds a layer of complexity, but there are several evidence-based steps that can improve comfort, support hormone balance and help your clinic tailor treatment to you. These preparations don’t “fix” endometriosis, but they do help you move into IVF feeling informed, supported and medically ready. [16,23,24,25]

  • Have a detailed review of your diagnosis and stage with your gynaecologist or fertility specialist: Whether you’re currently under a gynaecologist’s care or have seen one in the past, bringing those notes and surgical reports to your fertility clinic is incredibly useful. Understanding whether your endometriosis is minimal, mild, moderate or severe helps your team choose the right stimulation protocol, assess whether surgery is needed beforehand, and plan for any risks such as endometriomas or adhesions.

  • Discuss whether surgery is appropriate before starting IVF: For some people with superficial endometriosis, surgery can improve natural conception rates. With moderate or severe disease, surgery may or may not support IVF outcomes, so your doctor will help weigh the benefits against the risk of reducing ovarian reserve — especially if endometriomas are involved.

  • Talk through medication options, including whether GnRH agonists are useful for you: Long-term GnRHa suppresses oestrogen and can reduce inflammation, but the evidence on IVF outcomes is mixed. It may be helpful for some, particularly when symptoms are severe or adenomyosis co-exists, but it isn’t routinely needed for everyone.

  • Consider which embryo transfer approach suits your body: Frozen transfers are often preferred for endometriosis because they allow implantation to happen in a calmer hormonal environment, but your clinic will guide you based on your lining, symptoms and past treatment history.

  • Check for any co-existing conditions that may affect IVF: Adenomyosis, fibroids, tubal damage or ovarian cysts can all influence success rates and may need addressing ahead of stimulation.

  • Prepare your body through day-to-day health habits: A balanced, anti-inflammatory diet, regular movement, limiting alcohol, stopping smoking and keeping to a healthy BMI can help your body respond more predictably to stimulation. These changes won’t cure endometriosis, but they can support hormone regulation and overall wellbeing.

  • Support your mental and emotional health: IVF with endometriosis can be physically and emotionally demanding, so counselling, peer support and stress-management tools (like mindfulness or gentle yoga) can make the process feel steadier.

  • Review the supplements you’re taking with your doctor: Folic acid and vitamin D are recommended before IVF. Other supplements — such as omega-3, antioxidants or inositols — may be suitable, but always check first, especially if you have endometriomas or a history of surgery.

  • Plan for recovery during stimulation and after egg retrieval: People with endometriosis can be more sensitive to bloating and pelvic pain during IVF, so having a pain-management plan, lighter movement routines and time blocked out for rest can make a meaningful difference.

  • Ask your clinic about infection precautions if you have endometriomas: Small endometriomas usually don’t affect IVF success, but cysts over 4 cm carry a slightly higher risk of infection after egg retrieval — something your doctor can monitor and manage safely.

What is the best IVF protocol for endometriosis?

There isn’t a single “best” IVF protocol for endometriosis — and that’s exactly why your care needs to be personalised. People with endometriosis respond differently to stimulation, have varying levels of inflammation, and often carry a unique balance of ovarian reserve, symptom burden and anatomical challenges. The right protocol is the one that supports egg development safely while keeping your symptoms manageable and giving you the clearest path to pregnancy. [10]

These are some of the common types of protocols your clinician may discuss with you:

  • GnRH antagonist protocols: Often used as a first-line option. They’re flexible, offer a lower risk of over-stimulation, and current evidence suggests they perform similarly to older long–agonist protocols, with a safer profile.

  • Mild or mini IVF: Uses lower medication doses and may feel gentler for those who are sensitive to hormonal shifts.

  • Long down-regulation (long agonist protocol): Sometimes considered when adenomyosis or significant inflammation is present. Evidence for improved IVF outcomes is mixed, so it’s usually explored on a case-by-case basis.

  • Progestin-primed ovarian stimulation (PPOS): Often used when a fresh transfer isn’t planned. This approach separates stimulation from transfer entirely and is commonly followed by a frozen embryo transfer, which many people with endometriosis prefer because implantation takes place in a calmer hormonal environment.
 

The “best” IVF for endometriosis depends on:

  • Your age and ovarian reserve
  • Your stage of disease and symptoms
  • Whether you have endometriomas
  • Your response to hormones
  • Your clinic’s expertise and philosophy
 

What matters most is that your team builds a protocol around you — your biology, your comfort and your long-term fertility goals. With the right plan, people with endometriosis can and do have excellent IVF outcomes.

Understanding IVF success with endometriosis

IVF success rates for people with endometriosis are often much closer to “typical” IVF outcomes than many expect. The average UK live birth rate, according to 2023 data from the HFEA is around 29% per embryo transferred, and research shows that people with endometriosis generally fall within a very similar range — even if they sometimes need higher medication doses or retrieve fewer eggs to get there. [26,27]

Endometriosis can make conception harder naturally, but IVF helps bypass many of the issues the condition creates, such as adhesions, inflammation around the ovaries, or trouble with egg pickup. Studies consistently show that while endometriosis can reduce the number of eggs collected (especially after surgery or when endometriomas are large), it doesn’t usually reduce embryo quality, implantation rates, or overall live birth rates. In fact, IVF outcomes for endometriosis are often comparable to those seen in people with tubal factor infertility — a reassuring finding that’s been repeated across multiple matched studies and meta-analyses. [5,16]

Where differences do appear, they’re usually linked to ovarian reserve rather than the disease itself. Surgery for endometriomas can lower AMH and reduce ovarian response, and advanced disease can mean the ovaries simply have fewer follicles to work with. But once a good-quality embryo is created, the chance of pregnancy and live birth is broadly similar to others undergoing IVF.

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Should I do IVF if I have endometriosis?

IVF isn’t the only path for people with endometriosis, but it is a proven and effective option when natural conception is harder because of inflammation, adhesions, endometriomas, or time pressures like age or low ovarian reserve. Many people will still conceive without medical help — but when you do need treatment, IVF helps you bypass the very barriers endometriosis creates. [2,28]

The “right” choice will always depend on your body, your stage of disease, and what matters most to you. With the right clinic and a plan that genuinely reflects your symptoms and history, IVF can offer a clear, hopeful way forward.

Endometriosis and IVF FAQs

Can you do IVF with endometriosis?

Yes — you absolutely can do IVF with endometriosis, and for many people it’s one of the most effective ways to build a family when the condition makes natural conception harder. IVF helps bypass the very things endometriosis can disrupt, like pelvic adhesions, blocked tubes, or inflammation around the ovaries. Plenty of people with every stage of endometriosis — including those with PCOS, endometriomas, or a history of surgery — go on to have successful IVF cycles and healthy pregnancies. What matters most is having a team that understands the condition and tailors treatment to your symptoms, your cycle, and your wider health. [2,28]

Does endometriosis affect IVF implantation?

Endometriosis can affect implantation, but the impact depends mostly on the severity of the disease. Research shows that people with stage III–IV endometriosis may have slightly lower implantation rates, likely linked to inflammation, changes in endometrial receptivity, or poorer embryo quality — while those with minimal or mild disease tend to have implantation rates similar to other IVF patients. The reassuring news is that overall pregnancy and live-birth rates in IVF are still comparable, even in more advanced disease. With good-quality embryos, modern stimulation protocols, and careful timing of transfer, many people with endometriosis go on to achieve successful implantation and healthy pregnancies. [16,29]

Can IVF cause endometriosis?

No, IVF doesn’t cause endometriosis, and for most people it doesn’t make the disease worse. Even though stimulation temporarily raises oestrogen levels, large studies show that endometriosis — including deep invasive disease — rarely progresses during an IVF cycle. Complications are extremely uncommon, and pain levels or lesion size typically stay the same. The takeaway: IVF is considered safe for people with endometriosis, and your clinic will monitor you closely to keep the process as comfortable and supported as possible. [30]

Sources

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